The Beginner's Guide to Freelance Writing

The Big IdeaOkay. So youve figured out that youschool newspaper. Just a quick list of relevant writing
would like to write for magazines, newspapers, andbackground. See below for info about clips.)I can
e-zines. Unfortunately, so have about eight gazillionprovide documentation and interview notes for easy
other people on this planet. Therefore, you have tofact-checking, and could submit the completed article
stand out from the crowd. You have to sparkle. Howwithin two weeks.(Optional. Some people like to
do you do this? Simple. It all starts with The Big Idea.suggest a time frame, others let the editor do it. In
The first secret you must learn in this funny business isgeneral, the editor will tell you when the article is due,
that you dont actually have to write the whole articleregardless of your preferences. Its a nice touch to
to get a job. In fact, only bright green novices attemptmention how you will research your article. Mine was
to write the whole thing before selling it. What you doprimarily dependent on interviews, but you may wish to
need, however, is the IDEA for the great story. Youinclude the names of journals/experts you plan to
will use this great idea to convince editors to pay youquote or use for information.)I look forward to your
exorbitant amounts of money via a proposal letterresponse.(Obligatory polite ending. Use any variation
(called a query letter. But youll learn about that in ayou wish. No pleading. If you dare type, I promise to
minute).So, where will you find this Big Idea? Well,write a reallllly, realllly good article! Please hire me!, you
youve heard that wise adage write what you know.will incur my wrath. I will hunt you down and yell at you.
Thats a wonderful mantra for finding your jumping-offA lot. Just a simple, dignified ending requesting a
point. You dont need to stick to what you know forresponse.)Regards,Jenna Glatzer(Oh. Substitute your
the specific focus of your story, but tap into yourname and preferred signature ending. Unless you feel
already huge vat of knowledge to find the storyslike sending your paycheck to me, in which case, you
basis. This is how you will become an expert. Expertscan feel free to use my name. Grin.)Finally, clips! If
are in demand. People with stories arent. What youyouve had anything publishedor even if you havent, but
have to do is sneak your stories into your areas ofyou have a few good writing samples appropriate for
expertise. Example: lets say your hobbies and intereststhis type of marketinclude them. These samples are
include fishing, watching talk shows, and traveling.called clips, and they are used to show the editor that
Good! You are a potential expert in those areas. Jotyou are an intelligent, insightful, funny, clever, and/or
these things down. Now comes the fun part:excellent writer. Photocopy your articles straight from
brainstorming.The biggest mistake you can make inthe publication. Just 2-3 clips.When you're sending
pitching your story is being too general. Never, everqueries by e-mail, you can paste the text of your clips
send a letter to the editor suggesting an article aboutinto the body of the e-mail (never as an attachment!),
fishing. Not even an article about fishing in Florida. Thisor you can direct the editor to one or two website
vagueness is not appropriate for short writing. InURLs where she can view your articles.Interviews and
general, you will be expected to write somewhereProfilesI know, you feel weird about this one, right?
between 800 and 2000 words on your topic. YouYoure uncomfortable calling someone or visiting a
couldnt possibly tell us all about fishing in 2000 words.business to ask a professional to take precious time
What you could do, however, is give us a comparisonout of their day to help you research your article.Well,
of twelve different lures used to catch sailfish. Or thebuck up, little camper, because most professionals
pros and cons of joining a fishing club. Or even howabsolutely love to be interviewed. They jump at the
the moon can tell you if itll be a good fishing day.Sochance, for a few reasons. These are the reasons to
heres your first assignment. Get out your trustykeep in mind when you feel small and silly for asking:It
notebook. (If you dont have one, stop reading and getshows you respect their opinion and/or job.It gives
one. Right now.) On the first page, write down a list ofthem opportunities for publicity of their business.It gives
any and all topics that interest you. Its okay to bethem the chance to brag to friends that they are
general here. Need some ideas to get youquoted in a magazine.It gives them something to frame
started?Think through your whole day. Dont neglectand show clients.Finally, someone is recognizing their
anything. What do you do from the moment you wakegenius and taking an interest in their work.Theyre
up until the moment you fall asleep? You turn off yourusually wannabe writers, anyway, and they will be just
alarm clock. (An article about alarm clocks disruptingas happy to pick your brain to find out how you got
valuable sleep stages! Or waking up to music versusthe job.Before you approach experts:Make sure you
waking up to that annoying beeping sound. Or thealready have your questions mapped out, at least
optimal number of times to press the snooze button.)briefly. What exactly do you need to know from this
You brush your teeth. (Article: What all those toutedperson? What could this person tell you that no one
ingredientsfluoride, peroxide, baking sodareally do forelse can? Avoid yes or no questions. Ask open-ended
your teeth.) You take a shower. Maybe with yourquestions that could lead to lengthy responses chock
significant other. Lucky you. (Romantic showers forfull of great quotes. Also, have a synopsis of your
two.)Moving on. You go to work. This is the mostplanned article ready, so you can tell your expert what
obvious area of expertise. Lets say youre a secretary.youre writing and how they can supplement your
How ergonomic office equipment can save you fromknowledge.How to approach experts:Get on the
Carpal Tunnel Syndrome, an achy back, and a stiffphone. Have your idea condensed into 2-3 sentences,
neck. How to avoid screaming at your boss when hesso you can quickly explain yourself to whomever
a total idiot. Five couples (or ex-couples) share theiranswers the phone.Hello. My name is Jenna, and Im
wisdom about dating in the office. Think about whatwriting an article about the rise in vegetarianism among
cover story would entice you to pay three dollars foryoung women in Nevada for Youth In Nevada
a magazine. You dont have to have the knowledge toMagazine. I know Dr. Spuds is a well-respected
actually write the article yet. You just have to knownutritionist, and Im hoping she would be willing to
you can get this information later.Next, you comeanswer a few questions on this subject.At this point,
home. What happens? Do you have kids? Great! Athe secretary will say, Hold, and make you listen to
wealth of article ideas. You could write about childcareelevator musak while she summons the boss. Or shell
agencies, potty training, decoding teenage slang,take down your number and have Dr. Spuds call you
teaching table manners youre getting the idea now,back. Or it will be Dr. Spuds herself, and shell say,
right? Run with it!Write at least one page of generalWhat do you want to know?Your options at this point
topics that interest you, then weed out the mostare (1) Ask questions over the phone, right then and
interesting ones. Narrow it down to three or four. Thenthere. Make sure you check to make sure your expert
write those three or four topics on top of brand newis not pressed for time before you begin. (2) Set up a
pages. Now fill up those pages with specific articlephone date to conduct the interview. (3) Ask if you
angles. Just write. Dont edit yourself. Dont judge. Justcan meet in person. This is goodalmost necessaryif
write whatever pops into your head. If you needthe person will be the focus of your article. If the
motivation, play it like a game of Scattergories. Set aperson is being used just to add a few quotes, you
timer for ten minutes. See how many ideas you candont have to meet in person, because its unlikely youll
jot down before the timer sounds.Keep in mind thatever need to write, Dr. Spuds wrinkled her brow and
there are markets for almost any conceivable topic.stared into her pea soup as she explained that young
Dont limit yourself to the headlines youd read in Voguewomen are becoming more health-conscious. (4)
and Good Housekeeping. Between newspapers,Trade e-mail addresses and send over a list of
consumer magazines, trade magazines, e-zines,questions. This approach isnt usually the best, because
tabloids, literary journals, and more, youre bound to findit doesnt allow you to react to, and build from,
an appropriate publication for your Big Idea.You wantinformation you gain in answers to previous questions.
to know more about these markets? ReadHowever, if the publication will not reimburse you for
on!Researching the MarketsFirst, youll need a fewlong distance phone calls, and you have to conduct a
definitions:Consumer Magazines: These typically paylengthy interview, e-mail exchanges are acceptable.
the best. These are the types of magazines you mightJust make ! sure you specify a due date for the
find in a grocery store check-out line, convenienceresponses. Be reasonabletry to give the expert a
store, in your airplane seat pocket, or your doctorsweek to answer all your questions.The SalesOkay,
office. Types of consumer mags: mens, womens,you sent out your killer query, and you got a phone call
special interest, inflight, teens, school/career, travel,from an editor with the big news: you got the
health, ethnic/minority, political, entertainment, romance,assignment! Congratulations, you! Go on and do a little
religious, etc. This is the area most writers try to breakdance of joy, then crash back to reality with your new
into.Literary Magazines: These dont pay much, if at all.mantra: GET IT IN WRITING. Make sure the editor tells
However, what they lack in moolah, they make up foryou that a written contract is forthcoming in the near
in prestige. If youre looking to jump-start your careerfuture.If youve researched your market, you probably
as a fiction writer or poet, your best chance atalready have an idea of the pay rate, but be sure to
recognition may come in the form of one of thesecover this ground in that initial phone call if the editor
small publications. Often published by colleges andfails to mention it. Important things to remember:On
universities, their circulation is usually regional and low.Publication vs. On AcceptanceYou not only need to
They generally seek scholarly essays, intellectuallyknow how much youll be paid, but also, when youll be
challenging prose, poetry, and book reviews. Publisherspaid. Many markets want to pay you on publication.
will be impressed if you succeed in placing your workThis can be a problem, because many magazines and
in one of the more prominent journals (Cimarronjournals have long lead times. (Translation: a long time
Review, Ploughshares, and Story, for example).Tradebetween when they assign you the article and when it
Journals: Pay varies greatly. Any publication thatactually ends up in print.) If you write an article in
focuses on a particular occupation/industry falls intoJanuary, and it doesnt get published until November,
this category. This is where your expertise can shine.you probably wont see a check until December. Do
There are trade journals for almost every line of work,you want to wait a year to get paid? Can you wait
from art dealers to truck drivers. In general, yourthat long? This is a point you absolutely can negotiate.
written eloquence is not as important as your researchAsk for payment on acceptance. If this is refused, it
and timely knowledge for these publications.E-Zines:gives you a little leverage to work with on the other
Pay varies greatly. Simply put, e-zines are simplyissues, which areKill FeesIf you get the assignment,
magazines on the Internet. The only major differenceand, for whatever reason, an editor decides not to print
is that articles for e-zines can usually run longer thanyour article, you can negotiate for a kill fee. This is a
print magazines. (No printing costs, so space isnt aspercentage of the sale price. If you are offered $200
important an issue for e-zine editors.) Most e-zinesto write an article, you may get a $50 kill fee. Its a well
dont pay (except by means of a byline) but this trendknown fact that big publications kill articles all the time.
is changing. The most popular sites and Wired, forSome editors admit to assigning 10-20% more than
example) pay quite well. Topics stretch as wide asthey could ever fit in the magazine. They do this so
your imagination.Now that you know, learn how tothey can pick and choose from the final products, or
contact them!There are tons of ways to find marketsso they can see how things fit once the layout is
that are open to freelancers. If you were payingcomplete. Some articles will be pushed back to other
attention, you might notice that this very website isissues, and some will just be trashed.BiosWe like them.
looking for writers! Finding places to submit your workThose are the little blurbs that often follow an article,
is easy if you know where to look.First, the mostgiving short biographical information about the writer,
important tool in a freelancers toolbox is The Writersand sometimes an e-mail address or phone number.
Market. Available at any major bookstore, this is anAsk for one if you can.Sidebars and PhotosThose are
annual compilation of more than 2,000 magazines, 1,000the little factoids or columns that rest next to the main
book publishers, and even specialized markets likearticle. For example, in an article about exercise, youll
greeting cards, script writing, and syndicates.The nextoften see a little chart on the side that tells how many
best tools are online. Lucky you! Theyre free. Absolutecalories are burned by doing specific exercises (riding
Markets is a weekly e-zine filled with market guidelines,a bike, climbing a hill, etc.). If you can suggest sidebars,
contest listings, and marketing tips. Freelancing4Moneyyou can often get extra pay. Same goes for photos. If
puts out a jam-packed e-zine filled with freelanceyouve got a decent camera and a good eye, offer
opportunities. Writer's Digest has a great, searchablephotos for a few extra bucks.To Spec or Not To
database of markets. Writing For Dollars has aSpecEspecially as a novice writer, youll sometimes get
biweekly newsletter with market guidelines, and aasked to write an article on speculation. This means
searchable database on the website. And Writersthat youll have to write the whole article and submit it
Weekly lists calls for writers and market guidelineswithout a contract, or any promise of payment. Its a
each week.You can even run a search for freelancebone of contention among professional writers,
writers on any major search engine, and youre likely tobecause almost no other field works this way. Its
come up with tons of listings. Try specifying if possible;never do the job, and then Ill decide if I feel like paying
add words that fit your needs. (Example: payingyou. Only in this crazy business. Harrumph.That said, I
markets, romance, teen magazines.)So, your nextadvise you to take spec assignments in the beginning.
assignment is this: go back to your trusty notebookOnce youre established, you shouldnt need to do this,
and pick out your very favorite idea. That will now bebut in order to build up your resume and your clips, you
known as your Big Idea. Pick the markets that best fitneed to get published. So go ahead and submit on
your idea. Choose several. Find out if you can get aspec, and go ahead and do a few free/nearly free
free or discounted sample copy. (Writers often can, ifpieces for the experience.Before submitting anything,
you specify that you would like to query them in thethough, make sure you know in advance what the
future.) Request writers guidelines if available. Itsterms will be if the editor does use your piece. How
considered poor form to query publications that youvemuch will you be paid? What rights will they buy?Even
never read, or know nothing about. Do your best tomany of the big markets have adopted the practice of
read at least one copy of whatever magazine orrequesting pieces on spec. They do this because they
journal you plan to query. Check your library for copiescan get away with it. Because there are thousands of
if you prefer not to go broke researching.Got it now?wannabe writers out there who will beg, borrow, and
You have your idea, and youve found places to submitsteal for the chance to be published. So, if you want to
it? Great! Then you'll need to learn proper protocol forcompete, sometimes youll have to suck it up and
writing and submitting the Killer Query.The Killeraccept this. Once the publication accepts one of your
QueryThe job of the query letter is to entice an editorspec pieces, youll be a much more likely candidate for
to say, Hey! Id be interested in learning more aboutan outright assignment next time.Rights to WriteThere
that. Therefore, you dont want to spill all your secretsare several kinds of rights a publication may buy:First
and research yet. You want to tease and tantalize.North American Serial RightsThe newspaper or
Now that youve got your fabulous Big Idea, your job ismagazine has the right to publish this piece for the first
to condense (or expand) that idea into two to threetime in any periodical. All other rights belong to the
paragraphs.To illustrate the components of a killerwriter.One-Time RightsThe publication buys the
query, here is an example of one of mine (usingnonexclusive right to publish the piece once. The writer
fictitious contact infosorry!) that landed me thecan sell the same article to other publications
assignment:Jenna Glatzer(Always use proper formalsimultaneously.Second Serial Rights (or Reprint
letter format)Rights)Also nonexclusive. Gives the publication the right
123 My Addressto reprint an article that has appeared
My City, State, Zip Codeelsewhere.Electronic RightsCovers CD-ROMs, e-zines,
(555) 555-5555Mr. Joe Shmoewebsite content, games, etc. Get in writing which
(Make SURE to get a name of the appropriateelectronic rights are specified-- First Electronic Rights,
department College Life 101archiving rights, etc. Most publications ask for the right
editor. Never address a letter to editor orto archive "indefinitely." You can try to negotiate for a
submissions.)fixed term (i.e., archiving rights for six months).All
123 Their AddressRightsPretty self-explanatory. You can never sell this
Their City, State, Zip CodeTodays Date, 2003Dearpiece to anyone else again. Try to avoid this one. Most
Mr. Shmoe:publications ask for First Serial Rights.Work-For-Hire
(Colons are used in formal letters. Commas are usedRights-- The publication has come up with the idea and
in friendly letters.)Think company cars, expenseassigned it to you, and they will own it, lock, stock, and
accounts, and a spacious office with bay windows.barrel. They own the copyright and don't even have to
Who do you picture running a business thisgive you credit. It may be sliced, diced, repackaged,
successful?(Start the letter with a zinger that capturesre-sold, etc., and you won't have any claim to it beyond
the essence of your proposed article/story. Raise awhat you were originally paid.TV/Motion Picture
question that will cause the reader to think, or give aRightsAlso self-explanatory. Almost always
visual image anything that will make him/her want toexclusive.Recycling Your Big IdeasThis is the bread
read on and find out what youre talking about.)Thinkand butter of freelance writing. Its also called
again. This company was the brainchild of threere-slanting. Once youve got the Big Idea, dont waste it
Boston University sophomores whose ambitions ledby only using it once. Use the information youve
them to thriving careers before they had diplomas togathered and come up with off-shoot ideas. Slant it to
hang on the wall.(The rest of the first paragraph shouldappeal to different markets.Youre afraid because of
give a concise description of the focus of yourthe issue of rights that we just discussed, right? (No
proposed article. Remember to tell why its appropriatepun intended.) Well, you have nothing to fear, provided
to the publication youre querying. In this case, I wasthe new article is sufficiently different in content and
targeting a college magazine, so I made sure tointended audience. If youve managed to sell your
emphasize the relevance to their subject matter earlyarticle to a major national magazine, it is considered
in the letter.)Charles Strader, Richard Skelton, andpoor form to try to sell a re-slanted version to another
Pablo Mondal run Net One, an Internet Servicenational magazine.However, if youre dealing with
Provider. The three met in the freshmen dorms, thenregional, specialized, or small publications, there should
moved into an apartment together. Opportunitybe very little overlap of intended audience. Therefore,
knocked when Strader, who worked for thean editor from Alabama Aristocrats would probably
universitys computer center, took a phone call fromnever know if you sold a re-slanted version of your
the owner of a hair salon. She sought help designing apiece to Guitarists Today. Even if they did know, they
website; Strader volunteered, and Net One wasalmost certainly would not care.It is standard and
born.(Again, concisely, get a little deeper into theaccepted practice, for the simple reason that it is darn
content of the article. What is special about yourdifficult to make a living as a writer. If you have the
story? In this case, I wanted to emphasize that thesechoice between making $100 for selling your piece to
guys were college buddies who started a boomingone small publication, or making $1000 by selling altered
business by branching out from their humbleversions to eight different small publications, which
beginning.)Working closely with friends to buildwould you choose?Re-slanting an article is easy, since
something we believe in is Mondals favorite perk.youve already done the bulk of the research.
Skelton agrees. We have great trust in each other,Scrounge up a few new quotes, and use the
and feel that were all in this together.(Quotations arentinformation you left out of the first article. Focus it on
necessary in a query, but its nice to give somethingthe new desired market.For example, I could sell an
specific to show that you have done some researcharticle about the health benefits of meditation to a
into your topic, and that you have access to resourcesfitness magazine. A few alterations, and that same
that will enable you to write the article well. I wanted toarticle becomes Religions Encouraging Meditation for
show that I had already spoken to these guystheymy local newspapers Society pages. Then it becomes
happen to be friends of mineand that they would beMeditation Makes You Smarter for the college market.
upbeat and inspirational people to interview. You canThen, Meditate Your Stress Away for a working
accomplish the same effect by including a few quirkywomans magazine. And I didnt even mention all those
facts or survey results youve found out about yournew age/holistic publications. What a field day!With just
topic.)Considering that their only capital was aa few more questions posed to your trusted experts,
computer and a small loan from Straders father, theyouve got a whole new article. And, look! Youre
guys feel very successful. Were not millionaires, butbecoming an expert yourself. This is how you begin to
we have goals, and were following them, says Skelton.find your nichea few specific subjects that you feel
I think thats true success. By any definition, Net Onescomfortable writing about. Ah, soon those journalists
roster of more than 50 clients ranging from colleges towill be coming to YOU with their questions."The
Fortune 500 companies attests to their hard work andExtras"Once youve gotten a few assignments, and
talent.(Look, editor. These guys are big up-and-comers!feel that youve really embarked on this as a potential
Notice I mentioned Fortune 500 companies. This letscareer (or just a part-time income-booster), youll want
the editor know quickly that these college guys arentto think about the little extras.A nice touch: get yourself
small potatoes. It neatly ties up the opening sentence,some nice letterhead. Splurge a little with your second
which promised an article about guys who have aor third paycheck and invest in professionally printed
spacious office, expense accounts, and company car.letterhead. Presentation does count when submitting
Now the editor has a reason to believe that theseyour correspondence to an editor. Avoid cutesy clip
guys actually are that successful.)I propose a 1,000art of quill pens and inkwells.Also, an invoice. You
word profile for your Students At Workshould always include an invoice with your completed
section.(Shows Ive researched their magazine. I knowarticle. Often, the person you submit the story to is not
which section this should fit, and Ive read theirthe same person in charge of sending you a
guidelines to determine an appropriate word count.)I ampaycheck. By including an invoice, you can be
a full-time freelance writer, and my works have beenreasonably assured that the billing department will have
recently featured in such publications as 201 Magazine,a record of what terms were agreed upon, and when
College Bound(Notice I mention the most relevantthey are supposed to pay you.Receipts: Hold onto
magazines first. Anything youve had published thatyour postage receipts and your writing-related supplies.
might relate to the content, tone, or audience of theIf writing is your profession, then these can be tax
proposed publication belongs here.)Bliss!, Workingwrite-offs. Also, if you are able to negotiate it, editors
Women, and Video Librarian. Clips are enclosed.(Ifwill often reimburse you for any expenses you incur
youve never had anything published, dont distress. Justwhile on assignment once you are an established
shut up about it. Do NOT tell anyone, Though Ive neverwriter. Submit your phone bill (with the reimbursable call
been published yet, Im a real go-getter. Less is more. Ifs circled), your book receipts, your travel expense
you keep quiet, they may not even think about thereceipts, etc. along with your invoice. Make sure these
fact that you didnt mention your credits. Also, do notterms are specified in your contract.Youre ready?
get into a diatribe describing how you edited your highGood! Get out there and get 'em, slugger. Good luck!